Rising Threat of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as fatty liver disease, is increasingly prevalent, especially among overweight, diabetic, or metabolically unhealthy individuals. Experts warn that if left untreated, MASLD can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), heightening the risk of liver cancer.
The MD Anderson Cancer Center highlights the serious complications of MASH, including liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis—conditions that are known precursors to hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common form of liver cancer. Although early stages of MASLD often show no symptoms, regular screenings and lifestyle modifications are crucial for preventing severe health outcomes.
MASLD manifests as fat accumulation in the liver of those who consume little to no alcohol. While it may not seem immediately dangerous, about 25% of individuals with MASLD are at risk of developing MASH, leading to cellular damage and ultimately cirrhosis. Dr. Jessica Hwang, an internal medicine specialist, emphasizes that once fibrosis occurs, reversing the damage becomes difficult, while the risk for cancer remains even without cirrhosis due to ongoing inflammation.
Specific groups are more prone to MASLD include those who are obese, have type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, or blood pressure, and possess a family history of liver disease. Symptoms—when they do appear—can include fatigue, abdominal discomfort, elevated liver enzymes, an enlarged liver, or unexplained weight loss.
Preventive measures are vital, including maintaining a healthy weight, adhering to a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, and managing blood sugar and cholesterol levels. Early detection through blood tests or imaging is crucial for high-risk individuals. As cases of MASLD rise globally, understanding and addressing this health threat through lifestyle choices can greatly enhance liver health.
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