Colossus, a data center launched by xAI in September 2024 in Memphis, is designed to train the Grok chatbot. While local officials commend the project for its potential economic benefits, particularly an estimated $12 million in tax revenue during its first year, residents of the nearby historically underserved Black neighborhood of Boxtown are expressing deep skepticism. Recently, Boxtown residents have mobilized opposition against xAI as the company seeks a permanent permit for 15 turbines associated with the facility.
Shelby County Health Department officials indicated the permit review process might take 60 days, but they have refrained from commenting on ongoing or potential litigation. State Rep. Justin J. Pearson, representing Boxtown, likened the community’s struggle against xAI to the biblical tale of David and Goliath, affirming their resilience. At a recent news conference alongside the NAACP, Pearson announced plans to initiate a lawsuit against xAI, emphasizing the community’s fight for environmental justice.
Memphis Mayor Paul Young has defended the project, suggesting that a new ordinance would allocate one-fourth of the expected tax revenues to nearby communities. While xAI claims to address pollution concerns by including technology to reduce emissions from the turbines and even removing some turbines, advocates argue that South Memphis already grapples with significant industrial pollution. A letter sent by the NAACP highlighted concerning environmental statistics, such as elevated ozone levels and high asthma-related emergency room visits in Shelby County. The proposed federal lawsuit under the Clean Air Act underscores the community’s demand for transparency, honesty, and cleaner air in Memphis.
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